Myasishchev M-55

Twin Jet

The Myasishchev M-55 Geophysica is a twin-engine high-altitude research aircraft developed in the Soviet Union during the 1980s, originally conceived for strategic reconnaissance before being repurposed for atmospheric science. Built by the Myasishchev design bureau, the M-55 features an extraordinary operational ceiling exceeding 70,000 feet and a distinctive tandem-engine configuration with engines mounted one above the other in the fuselage. Its enormous wingspan of 37 meters and lightweight construction allow it to carry scientific instruments into the stratosphere for extended periods, making it invaluable for ozone layer studies, climate research, and atmospheric sampling missions that few other aircraft can perform. The type holds the distinction of being one of only a handful of crewed aircraft capable of sustained flight above 20 kilometers altitude, operating in a realm typically reserved for spy planes and experimental craft. While the M-55 was designed during the Cold War, it found its true calling in international scientific collaboration, participating in campaigns across the Arctic, tropics, and Europe to study everything from volcanic aerosols to greenhouse gases. A small number were built, and at least one example made its way onto the U.S. civil registry, representing a remarkable Cold War design now serving peaceful research. SkyMeter has tracked flights across airframes and operators, with the largest observed operator.